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Constructal law is a theory of the generation of design (configurations, patterns, geometry) in nature. According to this theory, natural design and the constructal law unite all animate and inanimate systems.〔T. Basak (2011), "The law of life: the bridge between physics and biology: comment on "The constructal law and the evolution of design in nature" by A. Bejan and S. Lorente", ''Phys Life Rev'' 8(3), pp. 249–52 (doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2011.07.003); A. Bejan, S. Lorente (2010), "(The constructal law and the evolution of design in nature )", ''Philosophical Transactions B'' vol. 365, issue 1545 (doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0302).〕 The constructal law was stated by Adrian Bejan in 1996 as follows: "For a finite-size system to persist in time (to live), it must evolve in such a way that it provides easier access to the imposed currents that flow through it."〔A. Bejan (1997), ''Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics'' (2nd ed.), New York: Wiley.〕〔A. Kremer-Marietti, J. Dhombres (2006), ''L’Épistemologie'', Paris: Ellipses.〕 The constructal law is receiving increased acceptance within the scientific community. "Constructal" is a word coined by Bejan to describe the natural tendency of flow systems (e.g. rivers, trees and branches, lungs, tectonic plates and engineered forms〔D. Queiros-Conde, M. Feidt (eds., 2009), ''Constructal Theory and Multi-scale Geometries: Theory and Applications in Energetics, Chemical Engineering and Materials'', Paris: Les Presses de L’ENSTA.〕) to generate and evolve structures that increase flow access.〔 ==Introduction== The constructal law was proposed in 1996 as a summary of all design generation and evolution phenomena in nature, bio and non-bio. The constructal law represents three steps toward making “design in nature” a concept and law-based domain in science:〔 #Life is flow: all flow systems are living systems, the animate and the inanimate.〔 #Design generation and evolution is a phenomenon of physics. #Designs have the universal tendency to evolve in a certain direction in time.〔N. Acuña, Mindshare. Igniting Creativity and Innovation Through Design Intelligence (Motion, Henderson, Nevada 2012).〕 The constructal law is proposed as a first principle of physics accounting for all design and evolution in nature. It holds that shape and structure arise to facilitate flow. The designs that happen spontaneously in nature reflect this tendency: they allow entities to flow more easily – to measurably move more current farther and faster per unit of useful energy consumed.〔〔A. H. Reis and C. Gama, Sand size versus beachface slope – an explanation based on the Constructal Law, Geomorphology 114, 276-283 (2010).〕 Rain drops, for example, coalesce and move together, generating rivulets, streams and the mighty river basins of the world because this design allows them to move more easily. The constructal law asks the question: Why does this design arise at all? Why can't the water just seep through the ground? The constructal law provides this answer: Because the water flows better with design. The constructal law covers the tendency of nature to generate designs to facilitate flow. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Constructal law」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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